1. 额外的：supererogation 额外的努力 | supererogatory 额外的 | superexcellence 卓越

2. 公共查询·英语单词大全

2. 职务以外的,份外的,额外的：supernumerary 额外的,多余的 | supererogatory 职务以外的,份外的,额外的 | touchstone 试金石,标准,准则

3. 额外的; 超出职务的 (形)：supererogation 职责以外的工作 (名) | supererogatory 额外的; 超出职务的 (形) | superficial 表面的, 浅薄的, 肤浅的 (形)

1. more than is needed, desired, or required

    e.g. trying to lose excess weight
           found some extra change lying on the dresser
           yet another book on heraldry might be thought redundant
           skills made redundant by technological advance
           sleeping in the spare room
           supernumerary ornamentation
           it was supererogatory of her to gloat
           delete superfluous (or unnecessary) words
           extra ribs as well as other supernumerary internal parts
           surplus cheese distributed to the needy

    Synonym: excessextraredundantsparesuperfluoussupernumerarysurplus