1. rudimentary

1. I have only a rudimentary grasp of chemistry.
    我只掌握了化学的初步知识。

1. 最基本的：但原告主张说,本案涉及到的是最基本的(rudimentary)侵权法原则,因而初审法官在缺乏相反的证据的情况下,本应推定这些侵权法的原则在沙特已得到承认;因此,出示相反证据的责任在被告方,而该方并末使这种责任得到解除.

2. rudimentary是什么意思

2. 简单的：理念具有多样性,可以是基本的、简单的(rudimentary),也可以是冗长而复杂的(elaborate可以是理论驱动性的(theory-driven)或常识性的(common-sensical),也可以是阐述性的(descriptive)或因果关系性的(causal).

3. rudimentary的解释

3. 基本的,初步的：be doomed to sth. 注定...... | rudimentary 基本的,初步的 | swerve (车突然地)转向一边

4. 根本的, 未发展的：ruminate 反刍, 沉思 | rudimentary 根本的, 未发展的 | obstruct 阻塞;妨碍

1. 基本的;简陋的;不完善的
    Rudimentary things are very basic or simple and are therefore unsatisfactory.

    e.g. ...a kind of rudimentary kitchen...
           略显简陋的厨房
    e.g. They are deprived of the ability to exercise the most rudimentary workers'' rights.
           他们被剥夺了行使最基本的工人权利的资格。

2. (知识)基本的，初步的，粗浅的
    Rudimentary knowledge includes only the simplest and most basic facts.

    e.g. He had only a rudimentary knowledge of French.
           他对法语只是略知皮毛。
    e.g. ...a rudimentary grasp of economics.
           对经济学知识的初步掌握

1. being in the earliest stages of development

    e.g. rudimentary plans

2. not fully developed in mature animals

    e.g. rudimentary wings

    Synonym: vestigial

3. being or involving basic facts or principles

    e.g. the fundamental laws of the universe
           a fundamental incomatibility between them
           these rudimentary truths
           underlying principles

    Synonym: fundamentalunderlying