1. Performance includes the dimensions of procurement costs, carrying costs, out-of-stock costs, and the service objective.
    绩效指标是多个方面的，包括采购成本、执行成本、缺货成本以及服务目标。

2. out-of-stock的解释

2. On the other hand, it could take weeks or even months to recover from an out-of-stock.
    另一方面，它可能需要数周甚至数月恢复从外的股票。

3. In addition, you may make a purchase order in the local bookstores to reserve out-of-stock textbooks.
    大部份本地书局都可预订已售罄的书籍，运送时间大约需要4至6星期。

4. All of our items are in-stock unless you are notified by our system otherwise. Our shopping cart system will not accept orders for out-of-stock items.
    我们所有的项目都有库存，除非我们的系统通知你，或者我们的购物车系统将不接受脱销项目订单。

5. out-of-stock的翻译

5. Under the condition in which out-of-stock isn''t permitted, partial elasticityof total cost related to purchase quantity and period is studied.
    提出随机局部弹性的概念，讨论了相应的运算法则，研究了不允许缺货的存贮模型中，总费用对采购量与采购周期的局部弹性。

6. out-of-stock

6. If the product ordered is run out-of-stock, buyer may get refund for the balance payment.
    如商品有缺货或下架，将会把缺货的余额退回给美眉。

7. out-of-stock的解释

7. Backroom and shelf management: Automating inventory count and notifying staff to refill shelves (back room or in store) to avoid out-of-stock situations.
    后库和货架管理：自动地统计存货并通知相关人员及时补充（后库或店面内的）货架，以避免库存耗尽现象。

8. In the model, it is assumed that the supply chain is composed of a single manufacturer and a single supplier from any country in the world, their contract is quantity-flexible, exchange rate changes as geometric Brownian motion, and out-of-stock is allowable by the manufacturer.
    模型中假设该供应链由不同国家的单制造商和单供应商组成，制造商与供应商之间通过数量柔性契约确定供给关系，汇率波动服从几何布朗运动，制造商对其客户可缺货。

9. Out-of-stock can be very expensive for a manufacturer in terms of labor wastage, loss off production capacity, and under-utilization at a plant.
    组件的库存耗尽会造成劳动力浪费、降低产量和降低工厂的利用率，这些会给生产商带来很大的损失。

10. However, it cannot reflect the real demand because of lost sales due to out-of-stock situations.
    可是，这不能够反映真正的需求，因为缺货的情况会导致销售量的流失。

11. For example, if a product is out-of-stock, this is a problem for any store.
      例如，如果一种产品的库存耗尽了，这对于任何商店都是一个问题。

12. In a separate but parallel study, Corsten is working with retailers to focus on out-of-stock (OOS) issues and how they influence shoppers''experiences.
      在一项单独但平行的研究中，克里斯顿与零售商们通力合作，关注缺货问题以及它对于顾客的购买体验的影响。