1. Last, we propose a simple mechanism that can guarantee the file system consistent without any overhead of disk IO.
最后，我们提供了一个简单机制可同时确保档案系统的一致性而不需要额外的磁碟IO负担。
2. Use modify bit to reduce overhead of page transfers – only modified pages are written to disk.
修改位来防止页面转移过多—只有被修改的页面才写入磁盘。
3. RAID-5 gives fault tolerance with less overhead than mirroring and better read performance than disk mirroring.
译稿：RAID-5提供了容错功能，并且比镜像技术有更低的开销与更高的性能。
4. Doing so reduces the serialization overhead, the network bandwidth requirements, and disk requirements for replication.
这样做会减少复制的序列化的开销、网络带宽要求和磁盘要求。
5. This file system adopted high efficient disk management strategies, which utilizes a disk space to serve as disk queue to reduce file manage overhead, in which adjacent messages are stored in adjacent disk block.
本文件系统一方面采用高效的磁盘管理策略，用预先分配的连续磁盘空间作为磁盘队列，消除或减少文件创建、删除等文件管理开销，并减少磁盘碎片；
6. The reason for this is to limit the amount of dirty pages in memory, which further reduces I/O overhead and disk fragmentation.
这么做可以限制内存中“脏”页面的数量，从而进一步减少I/O开销和磁盘碎片。
7. As a result, the faster the rotational speed, the higher the overhead of disk access.
结果磁盘转速越快，磁盘访问的开销越大。
8. Disk head tracking software does not require any specialized hardware support in high-precision positioning and reducing overhead, while it achieves a variety of scheduling algorithms with a heavy load, such as the shortest access time first (SATF) algorithm.
磁头跟踪软件不需要任何专门的硬件支持就可以实现磁头的高精度定位，降低系统开销，同时实现了能够处理大数据量负载情况下的各种调度算法，如最短访问时间优先SATF算法等。
9. There is some CPU overhead in performing the dictionary translation, however there is also an improvement in disk IO efficiency as more data can be retrieved per IO unit.
在执行字典翻译时有一些CPU开销，但是在磁盘IO效率上也有一个提高，在每个IO单元更多数据可被检索。
10. The reason for this is to limit the amount of dirty pages in memory, which further reduces I / O overhead and disk fragmentation.
这么做可以限制内存中“脏”页面的数量，从而进一步减少I/O开销和磁盘碎片。