1. 诋毁：当我们的群体,或主要的国家或殖民政权,或者外来文化或宗教的成分通过诋毁(denigration)、污蔑(vilification)或理想化的方式将我们程式化时,我们便会强烈地觉察到从外部强加在我们身上的宗族身份或道德身份.

2. 毁誉：excoriate 严厉的责难 | denigration 毁誉 | swearword 咒骂

3. 诽谤：denigrate /使变黑/玷污/诋毁/ | denigration /诽谤/ | denigrator /诽谤者/

4. 诋毁; 损贬 (名)：denigrate 使变黑, 诋毁, 玷污 (动) | denigration 诋毁; 损贬 (名) | denim 丁尼布; 粗斜纹棉布 (名)

1. the act of expressing disapproval (especially of yourself)

    Synonym: deprecation

2. an abusive attack on a person''s character or good name

    Synonym: aspersioncalumnyslanderdefamation

3. a belittling comment

    Synonym: belittling