1. Objective To summary the results of fixation and fusion with lateral mass screw of atlas combined with vertebra dentata pedicle screw for treatment of atlantoaxial instability and discuss the corresponding therapy methods.
目的总结侧块螺钉与椎弓根螺钉技术治疗寰枢椎不稳的效果，探讨寰枢椎不稳的固定方法。
2. Previous studies have addressed surface dimensions of the atlas vertebra and computerized tomography-measured dimensions of the lateral masses of the atlas.
背景资料概述：以往的研究已经报道了寰椎的表面尺寸和寰椎侧块CT测量的尺寸，而这些研究用到的样本数量较少，且还可能存在同源性。
3. Methods CT scaning has been progressively made by thin plate from axis to the bottom of occiput. The imagings of rheumatoid arthritis can he displayed in axial vertebra and atlas, at the bottom of occiput and in tissues nearby.
CT扫描从枢椎至枕骨底部逐层薄层扫描，显示枢椎、寰椎、枕骨底部及周围组织类风湿关节炎的各种征象。
4. The length of the stability arm and Π-shaped nail was about 10 mm. The principle of reset and fixation of the device was that: the stabilizing arm was inserted into the body of axis, and the heat deformation of the V-shape wings produced the pressure which pushed lateral mass of atlas backward, and then Π-shaped nails was inserted into lateral mass of atlas and fixed vertebra firmly after heating.
复位和固定原理：将固定器稳定臂斜形插入枢椎体，受热形变时V型双翼向后推压寰椎侧块向后位移达到复位目的，然后置入Π形寰椎侧块固定钉，受热两腿张开，紧紧扒持骨质起到固定作用。
5. Results: 13 cases with 19 bone broken points, the positions are at dens, side plank of atlas, occipital, plank of axis, processus spinosus etc.23 cases with axis and atlas half dislocation. Of which, 16 cases were with pure dislocation, 7 cases with rotating dislocation, 11 cases were with swollen at the side of vertebra, 2 cases with depressing of vertebral artery, 5 cases with continued narrowing of vertebral canal.
结果：13例共见19处骨折，部位分别为齿状突、寰椎侧块、枕骨、枢椎椎板、棘突等，寰枢关节脱位23例，其中单纯性脱位16例，旋转性半脱位7例，11例合并椎旁血肿，2例见椎动脉受压，5例继发性椎管狭窄。
6. The front suture width of axis and atlas joints and the shift degree of dens were also measured. results: 13 cases with 19 bone broken points, the positions are at dens, side plank of atlas, occipital, plank of axis, processus spinosus etc.23 cases with axis and atlas half dislocation. of which, 16 cases were with pure dislocation, 7 cases with rotating dislocation, 11 cases were with swollen at the side of vertebra, 2 cases with depressing of vertebral artery, 5 cases with continued narrowing of vertebral canal. conclusions: ct has the advantage of quickness, safety and high density discerning, it can reveal details of acute axis and atlas damages, so it has great importance to treatment scheme making and to the prognosticate.
结果：13例共见19处骨折，部位分别为齿状突、寰椎侧块、枕骨、枢椎椎板、棘突等，寰枢关节脱位23例，其中单纯性脱位16例，旋转性半脱位7例，11例合并椎旁血肿，2例见椎动脉受压，5例继发性椎管狭窄。结论：ct具有快捷、安全、密度分辨率高等优点，可明确急性寰枢关节损伤细节，对制定治疗方案及估价预后具有重要作用。
7. Methods: Injured patients of cervical spine was cayyied on X-ray inspection., then according to the result of ADI and LADS, next to CT or MRI inspection, and that was to guide clinical diagonosis and treatment. To observe atlanto-dental interval (anterior arch of atlas posterior border to odontoid process anterior border) and odontoid process caster(included angle between axis of ordinate of odontoid process and axis of ordinate of odontoid vertebra) on the X-ray lateral projection.
对有颈部外伤史的病人常规行X线检查，然后根据寰齿间距和齿突侧块间隙的结果，行下一步CT检查或者MRI检查，指导临床治疗方法的选择。X线侧位片观察寰齿前间隙(为寰椎前弓后缘与齿突前缘距离)，齿状突后倾角(齿突纵轴与枢椎体纵轴的夹角)；开口正位片上测定齿突侧块间隙。
8. Results The vertebro occipital muscles involve 4 pairs of muscles, which are small in shape, but have developed well, arise from and inserted into inferior nuchal line of occipital, posterior arch of atlas, transverse process of atlas and spinous process of vertebra dentata.
结果1椎枕肌包括4对小肌，肌块虽小，发育良好，起止于枕骨下项线、寰椎后弓、寰椎横突和枢椎棘突。
9. Study and application of free hand insertion with the lateral mass screw of atlas and vertebra dentata pedicle screw
寰椎侧块螺钉与枢椎弓根螺钉徒手植入技术的研究与应用
10. atlas vertebra的反义词
10. The technique of free hand insertion with the lateral mass screw of atlas and vertebra dentata pedicle screw is simple, fixation is reliability and is well worth to spreading.
寰椎侧块螺钉与枢椎椎弓根螺钉徒手植入技术简单、可靠，值得推广。
11. Methods A total of 15 cases were fixed and fused with lateral mass screw of atlas and vertebra dentata pedicle screw.
方法采用寰椎侧块螺钉与枢椎椎弓根螺钉技术对15例寰枢椎不稳的患者进行固定。