1. Objective:To obtain three-dimensional (3-D) image of human temporomandibular joint including the mandible, disc and articular tubercle directly from in vivo in order to develop its 3-D finite element model.
已有学者采用切片法和CT法在尸体的基础上建立了下颌骨或颞下颌关节（temporomandibular joint，TMJ）的三维有限元模型并进行了相应的应力分析[1，2]。
2. The conventional method of three-dimensional landscape modeling is used to making use of software on graphics and developing to browse three-dimensional landscape via interface on 2.5 dimensional GIS system.
传统基于GIS的三维景观建模技术一般是纯粹利用具有三维图形制作软件建模，并通过接口的二次开发使2.5维地理信息系统能浏览三维景观。
3. To provide evidence for illustrating the molecular mechanism of pancreas development, proteins were extracted from rat pancreas tissue at various stages, separated by high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and the good 2DE pattern including resolution and reproducibility was obtained.
本研究利用双向凝胶电泳技术分离SD大鼠成年胰腺组织和胚胎18.5天胰腺组织总蛋白，银染和考染显色，获得了分辨率和重复性均较好的双向电泳图谱。
4. We find that in the3-dimensional walks, the 2-dimensional walks given by any ordered two of xn, yn and zn, are already in one-to-one correpondence with the DNA sequences, and the remained 1-dimensional walks are determined completely by the 2-dimensional walks.
我们发现在三维游动中，由xn，yn和zn中任意有序的两个给出的二维游动已经与DNA序列一一对应，且余下的一维游动由该二维游动完全决定。
5. Secondly, this paper carries on comparatively systematical and deep researches on the governance-oriented audit model, and advances some innovative academic viewpoints as the following:(1) The enterprise multi-dimensional contractual relationship model is constructed, which is the logic starting point of the governance-oriented audit model; (2) The governance-oriented audit model is advanced and the theoretical framework of research is constructed; (3) The new orders of the independent audit contract and the internal audit contract are studied respectively in the governance-oriented audit model; (4) the system of the technical means of the governance-oriented audit model is set up; (5) the methods of archival research is applied in the relationship between the selection of the independent auditor and corporate governance, also the relationship between the corporate governance and the audit opinion, with the data from the Chinese capital market; (6) The boundary and the cooperation of the external audit and the internal audit are discussed systematically.
在一个具有创新性的研究命题探讨中，本研究通过较为系统深入的研究，发展了一些具有理论和实践意义的学术观点：(1)从契约角度入手，构建企业多元契约网络模型，由此发展了具有治理内涵的受托经济责任观，从而为深度解析治理和审计的天然联系、构建治理导向审计模式奠定了理论基石；(2)以确保实现企业多元利益相关主体的全面治理为目标，提出治理导向审计模式观，并构建了系统的理论体系框架，确立新的审计思维范式；(3)以治理导向审计观为指导拓展了新模式下内外部审计契约秩序内涵；(4)初步探索了治理导向审计模式下的审计方法体系；(5)采用实证研究的方式分别对公司治理特征变量与审计契约缔结、公司治理水平与审计意见相关性进行研究，具有一定学术价值；(6)以全面治理目标为引导，对治理导向审计模式下内外部审计一体化的分工合作秩序予以统筹研究。
6. In order to study the mechanical behavior of special joint at connection between stiff suspension cable and upper chord of truss beam for stiff suspension reinforced steel truss bridge, a 1:2 scale-down model test and three-dimensional finite element analysis of Dongjiang Bridge''s special joint S25 were investigated in order to find the stresses distribution rule and mechanical property of the special joint.
为研究刚性悬索加劲钢桁梁桥刚性悬索与桁梁上弦杆的连接处特殊节点的力学行为，结合东莞市东江大桥，采用1：2的几何缩尺比例，对其特殊节点S25进行了模型试验研究，并进行了详细的空间有限元分析。
7. The results show that the sample possesses two-dimensional (2-D) hexagonally ordered mesoporous structure, and the pore volume of the sample is 1.88 cm3/g, the specific surface area is 1394 m2/g; it possesses mesoporous structure and narrow pore size distribution, the average pore size is 3.4 nm. The supercapacitor has good electrochemical performance, the specific capacitance is 95 F/g at a charge/discharge current density of 500 mA/g after 10000 cycles, and specific capacitance fluctuates between -4% and 4%.
结果表明：样品孔结构呈二维六角有序分布；该样品的孔体积为1.88 cm3/g，比表面积为1 394 m2/g，具有典型的中孔结构和集中的中孔分布，它的最可几孔径为3.4 nm；制备的中孔炭作电极材料组装的超级电容器有良好的电化学性能，在500 mA/g的充放电电流密度下，循环10 000次的平均比电容高达95 F/g，比容量波动范围仅为-4%~4%。
8. The ADI-BOR-FDTD method can reduce a three-dimensional problem to a two-dimensional one, resulting in an efficient saving of CPU running time and memory requirement.
交隐式BOR-FDTD能将3维空间电磁问题转换到2维空间处理，具有节省计算时间和计算机内存的优点。
9. On the base of experience in design, a process for foundry shop steel structures three dimensional CAD is provided and steps are given to build the modules in the CAD system.
三维CAD可以真实地表达实体的外观形状和结构特征，它已开始成为机械设计领域的主流[2] ，这也必将成为铸造工厂CAD的方向。
10. In order to analyze the arginine methylaccepting proteins, in this study we used proteomic approaches including two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis, chromatofocusing chromatography and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis to identify these proteins.
为了分析精胺酸甲基接受蛋白，我们使用了蛋白体分析的技术，使用二维胶体电泳(2-dimensional gel electrophoresis)、色层焦集法的管柱及MALDI-TOF-MS的分析，对这些蛋白作进一步的鉴定。
11. Firstly, the basic principle of Finite-Difference Time-Domain is introduced and the 2-dimensional FDTD equation is derived from the Maxwells equations, calculated by setting up the appropriate excitation source, cell size, the interval of space and time.
首先，介绍了时域有限差分法的基本原理，从麦克斯韦方程出发，建立二维空间中的时域有限差分方程，通过设置合适的激励源、网格尺寸、空间和时间步长进行计算。
12. The MUSCL method of Godunov schemes is developed to simulate the complex flow fields of two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) flow field of rocket jet impingement in this paper.
本文首次采用Godunov类数值格式中的MUSCL方法对二维、三维复杂火箭导弹燃气射流冲击流场进行了比较全面系统的理论研究和数值仿真。
13. The second-order Godunov method based on adaptive unstructured grids is applied to solve two-dimensional Euler equations. Methods for the calculation of numerical conservative fluxes passing through the triangle edge are given.
2建立了基于非结构网格的高阶Godunov格式，给出了一种确定通过三角形网格单元边界通量函数的方法，并对单调约束条件进行了改进。
14. Because a monostatic sonar can only obtain the radial speed, and the bistatic one has lots of redundant information, a sonar system operating on them both complexly is put forward to obtain the two-dimensional (2-D) target speed vector.
针对单基地声纳仅可获得目标的径向速度以及双基地声纳有大量冗余信息的问题，提出利用单／双基地复合工作的声纳系统求解目标二维速度矢量的方法。
15. Huang Ronghui Numerical simulation of the three-dimensional teleconnection in the summer circulation over the Northern Hemisphere Adv Atmos Sci, 1985, 2
黄荣辉%孙凤英热带西太平洋暖池的热状态及其上空的对流活动对东亚夏季气候异常的影响大气科学，1994，2
16. In Chapter 2, we will show the details of our 2-dimensional spatially-resolvedoptical emission spectroscopy diagnosis device and the programming-controllableHFCVD system.
第二章介绍了我们自主研制的二维空间分辨原位光发射谱诊断设备和计算机编程控制HFCVD系统，以及这套HFCVD系统的特点和优点。
17. It has been shown that the adsorption of 2naphthol, a toxic hydrophobic compound, can not be observed in the absence of surfactants. The surfactants adsorbed at the solid surface can form a hydrophobic environment, which acts as a two dimensional solvent. As a result 2-naphthol can be incorporated in the adsorbed surfactant layers.
研究结果表明：典型的疏水性有害物质2-萘酚在粘土矿物上几乎不被吸附，而烷基三甲基溴化胺系列阳离子表面活性剂在粘土表面上吸附之后，形成一疏水环境，类似于疏水物质的二维溶剂，使得原不被吸附的疏水物质，被大量吸附增溶到粘土颗粒表面。
18. The thrust coefficients and propulsive efficiency of a two-dimensional flexible fin with heaving and pitching motion were computed using FLUENT. The effect of different locations of the pitching axis on propulsive performance was examined using three deflexion modes which are respectively, modified Bose mode, cantilever beam with uniformly distributed load and cantilever beam with non-uniformly distributed load.
利用FLUENT软件数值计算了二维柔性鳍作升沉纵摇运动时的推力系数及推进效率，探讨了修正Bose变形方程、均匀载荷和非均匀载荷悬臂梁变形方程等三种柔性模式下纵摇轴位置对摆动鳍推进性能的影响，其中纵摇轴在尾缘处能够获得更大的推力，而最高的推进效率分别对应修正Bose模式下纵摇轴距首缘1/3弦长处和悬臂梁柔性变形模型下纵摇轴距首缘2/3弦长处。
19. This paper proposes a new idea to establish the three dimensional model of etching figure of mineral crystals. Based on the three dimensional model of etching figure, this method can be used to study:(1) crystal symmetry theoretic signification of the etching figure and the crystallographic orientation of minerals in rocks; (2) crystal defects and their crystallographic orientations for indicating the geological environments; and (3) anisotropy characteristics of the crystal dissolution mechanism.
对腐蚀像提出了一个全新的研究思路，建立各种不同矿物晶体的腐蚀像立体模型，从而可以在这个模型土进行：①腐蚀像的晶体对称理论意义及其在岩石中矿物晶体定向作用的研究；②腐蚀像所反映的晶格缺陷与定向及其地质意义的研究；③腐蚀像所反映的晶体溶解机理的结晶学各向异性特征的研究。
20. To improve the stability of penicillin G acylase from Bacillus megaterium, the three dimensional model of B. megaterium PGA was constructed based on the crystal structure of penicillin G acylase from E. coli using PMODELING, the mutation of lys at β 427 and 430 to ala was predicted to enhance the stability of PGA in acidic or organic cosolvent environment. The results showed that 2 mutant PGA have the same specific activity and Km as parent PGA.
为了提高巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶的稳定性，以大肠杆菌青霉素G酰化酶的晶体结构为模板，用PMODELING预测巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶的三维结构，建立模型，预测若将β亚基427位和430位赖氨酸残基突变为丙氨酸，可能可以降低酶的等电点，增加疏水性，从而提高其在酸性和有有机溶剂环境中的稳定性。