1. 外伤：其父Dario Argento是意大利的恐怖片大师,以制造希区柯克式的悬念和拉斯冯特里尔般的黑暗视觉闻名,1993年他执导的影片<外伤>>(Trauma)是其与女儿合作的开始.

2. 伤害：胎儿期间和幼年时期产生的精神伤害(trauma)、以及愤怒和悲伤等消极情感储存在大脑的扁桃体内. 一旦有压力,受到刺激的扁桃体便会产生兴奋,分泌导致情绪紧张的物质肾上腺皮质素(cortisone),进而,促进扁桃体的兴奋,形成恶性循环.

1. 精神创伤;惊骇(或痛苦)经历
    Trauma is a very severe shock or very upsetting experience, which may cause psychological damage.

公共查询·英语单词大全

    e.g. I''d been through the trauma of losing a house...
           我经历过失去房子的痛苦。
    e.g. The officers are claiming compensation for trauma after the disaster.
           灾难过后军官们正在要求赔偿精神损失。

1. an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects

    Synonym: psychic trauma

2. any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

    Synonym: injuryhurtharm