1. 吝啬的：penumbral 日月半影的 | penurious 吝啬的 | penury 贫困

2. 贫穷的,吝啬的：Reputable 名声好的,可尊敬的 | Penurious 贫穷的,吝啬的 | Unyielding 不屈服的,坚硬的

3.

3. 小氣的：14. ascetic 禁慾主義者;苦行者;苦修者 | 15. penurious 小氣的 | 16. fallible 容易犯錯的;不可靠的

4. 贫困的,缺乏的：illustrious 著名的,显赫的 | penurious 贫困的,缺乏的 | spurious 假的,伪造的

1. excessively unwilling to spend

    e.g. parsimonious thrift relieved by few generous impulses
           lived in a most penurious manner--denying himself every indulgence

    Synonym: parsimonious

2. not having enough money to pay for necessities

    Synonym: hard upimpecuniousin straitened circumstances(p)pennilesspinched